The average adult tonsil has anywhere from 10 to 20 crypts. The tonsil crypts appear as lines in the tonsils where two edges of the folds meet.
Crypts in the tonsils are usually small and debris-free. However, if food, mucus, and other debris collects in them and gets stuck, it can harden into tonsil stones, also called tonsilloliths.
This article will explore common symptoms, causes, and treatment for tonsil stones that form in the crypts.
Symptoms
Most tonsil stones are harmless and do not lead to pain. If they are small, they may not cause any symptoms.
If there are symptoms, they can include:
Bad breath (halitosis) A feeling of having something stuck in your throat A chronic sore throat Finding foul-smelling cheese-like clumps in your mouth Ear pain
Bad breath is the most common symptom of tonsil stones.
The crypts have low levels of oxygen, making the environment susceptible to bacteria that do not need oxygen, which are called anaerobes. When a mixture of bacteria starts to build up in the crypt, it can lead to an infection.
The infection can cause inflammation that is sometimes referred to as chronic caseous tonsillitis or fetid tonsils.
The “caseous” refers to a cheese-like formation in the crypts. If this cheese-like mix of bacteria, mucus, or other debris does not go away, it can harden or calcify into stones.
Causes
You can get an infection or tonsil stones in the crypts if you have naturally wrinkly tonsils, which are more prone to trapping food.
Other debris can build up in these holes in your tonsils as well, including pus—a thick fluid that is part of the body’s inflammatory response to an infection—and bacteria that produce sulfur compounds and create bad breath.
Cryptic tonsils account for only about 3% of cases of bad breath, though.
Inflamed cryptic tonsils often look similar to strep throat or other throat infections. Fortunately, cryptic tonsils alone are not generally harmful to your health.
Treatment
There are several options for removing tonsil stones if you have cryptic tonsils, depending on the severity of the condition.
Tonsil stones are typically removed by an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, throat doctor) or a dentist. Occasionally, a general practitioner might be able to remove your tonsil stones.
Tonsil Stone Removal
Common methods a healthcare provider may use to remove tonsil stones include:
Irrigation with saline, or rinsing it with a salt water solutionCurettage, or using a tool called a curette to scoop the stone outExpressing the stone out manually with a sterile swabCarbon dioxide laser cryptolysis, an in-office procedure that uses a laser beam to remove the pockets in the tonsils
The laser for carbon dioxide laser cryptolysis works like peeling an onion. By doing so, it exposes the crypt and allows for the removal of the tonsil stone. You will be given a local anesthetic to prevent pain during the procedure, which will generally take about 20 minutes.
Following the procedure, you will be asked to use over-the-counter pain relievers and gargle topical treatments for pain control, as well as gargle an antibiotic to prevent infection.
Tonsillectomy Surgery
The last option to treat cryptic tonsils is surgical removal of the tonsils, which is called a tonsillectomy.
Removing the tonsils is highly effective, but the surgery has risks that must be considered, such as a risk of bleeding after the procedure. It also may include general anesthesia, which puts you into a sleep-like state for the surgery.
Tonsillectomy is usually only recommended if other treatments weren’t effective or if you have additional conditions such as sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep), chronic strep throat, or other chronic conditions affecting the throat.
Summary
If food and debris gets trapped in the pockets and folds of your tonsils, it can harden into yellow or white deposits called tonsil stones.
Tonsil stones in the crypts are usually harmless but can lead to bad breath and throat irritation.
It’s not recommended to try to remove a tonsil stone on your own. An ear, nose, and throat specialist or dentist can use tools to remove them safely and fully.
